China puts ceiling on 2009 output of tungsten ore, antimony, rare earth

China puts ceiling on 2009 output of tungsten ore, antimony, rare earth

China said Thursday it would impose a ceiling on the output of mineral resources like tungsten, antimony and rare earth in 2009 amid shrinking demand.
The move is aimed to protect China's reserves of these minerals, the Ministry of Land and Resources said in an online statement.
The country's tungsten ore concentrate output is limited to 68,555 tonnes this year; rare earth ore to 82,320 tonnes, and antimony ore to 90,180 tonnes, said the ministry.
These quotas on output were based on decreasing demand across the world as a result of the ongoing global financial crisis, said the ministry.
The ministry said it would also not take any license applications before June 30, 2010 for exploring the three resources.
China holds 40.5 percent of the world's proven tungsten reserves, and is the world's biggest antimony producer. The nation has a proven rare earth reserve of 52 million tonnes, or about 58 percent of the world's total.
The country started to cap the annual output of tungsten in 2002 and that of rare earth in 2006. It is the first time such restrictions have been placed on antimony.
The ceiling on tungsten ore concentrates (with tungsten trioxide content above 65 percent) last year was 66,850 tonnes, and that on rare earth ore at 87,620 tonnes.
The ministry said such caps are intended to stabilize global demand and supply of these products and ensure their sustainable use.

Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

Tungsten Heavy Alloy Bucking Bar and Rivert Gun

Tungsten Heavy Alloy Bucking Bar and Rivert Gun
A rivet gun is a type of tool used to drive rivets. Nearly all rivet guns are pneumatically powered. The rivet gun is used on the manufactured head side of the rivet and a bucking bar is used on the buck-tail side of the rivet. Those rivet guns used to drive rivets in structural steel are quite large while those used in aircraft assembly are easily held in one hand. A rivet gun differs from an air hammer in the precision of the driving force.Rivet guns vary in size and shape and have a variety of handles and grips. Pneumatic rivet guns typically have a regulator which adjusts the amount of air entering the tool. Regulated air entering passes through the throttle valve which is typically controlled by a trigger in the hand grip. When the trigger is squeezed, the throttle valve opens, allowing the pressurized air to flow into the piston. As the piston moves, a port opens allow the air pressure to escape. The piston strikes against the rivet set. The force on the rivet set pushes the rivet into the work and against the buck. The buck deforms the tail of the rivet. The piston is returned to the original position by a spring or the shifting of a valve allowing air to drive the piston back to the starting position.Contents1 Types 1.1 One-shot gun 1.2 Slow-hitting gun 1.3 Fast-hitting gun 1.4 Corner riveter 1.5 Squeeze riveter 2 See also 3 References TypesIn aircraft work, there are several types of rivet guns:One-shot gunThe one-shot gun is designed to drive the rivet in just one blow. It is larger and heavier than other types and is generally used for heavy riveting. Each time the trigger is depressed, the gun strikes one blow. It is rather difficult to control on light-gauge metal. Under general suitable conditions it is the fastest method of riveting.Slow-hitting gunThe slow-hitting gun strikes multiple blows as long as the trigger is held down. The repetition rate is about 2,500 blows-per-minute (bpm). It is easier to control than a one-hit gun. This is probably the most common type of rivet gun in use.Fast-hitting gunThe fast-hitting gun strikes multiple light-weight blows at a high rate as long as the trigger is held down. These are repeated in the range of 2,500 to 5,000 bpm. The fast-hitting gun, sometimes referred to as a vibrator, is generally used with softer rivets.Corner riveterThe corner riveter is a compact rivet gun that can be used in close spaces. The rivet is driven at right-angles to handle by a very short barreled driverSqueeze riveterThis gun is different from the above rivet guns in that the air pressure is used to provide a squeezing action that compresses the rivet from both sides rather than distinct blows. The squeeze riveter can only be used close to the edge because of the limited depth of the anvil. Once properly adjusted, the squeeze riveter will produce very uniform rivet bucks. The stationary (fixed) jaw is placed against the head and the buck is compressed by the action of the gun.See alsoRiveting machines Machine Orbital riveting ReferencesBureau of Naval Personnel - [US] Navy Training Course Aviation Structural Mechanic S 3 & 2 NavPers 10308-A. U.S. Navy Training Publications Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 1966, 380 pages Categories: Hand-held power tools Mechanical hand tools Pneumatic tools(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about Telephone Clock Alarm , sugar free lollipops , . The products should be show more here!
----- http://himfryang.blogr.com/stories/2009-05-11-Rivet-gun/
Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

More tungsten alloy and carbide machined products

More tungsten alloy and carbide machined products
What’s the meaning of the new Chinese Central Government’s policy of “Stop Release New Licence of Developing Tungsten and/or Rare Earth Mines”?

According to the reported of CTIA, the Chinese Central Government(CCG) has just announced a new policy of developing tungsten and rare earth mine in 2009-2010, it is reported that none can get the new licence for developing such stagitic nonferrous metals such as tungsten, rare earth from 2009 to 2010. the reason given were envoirement protection, the more and more domestic applications and the out of control of opening and developing of these important materials in the past decades sharp econominc developing.

But, according managers of the majior nonferrous metals company and experts of tungsten and rare earth in China, in fact, the total sum of output and tungsten and rare earth in 2009 maybe less than the plan and total export licence of 2009, the reason is has been down sharply from the last half 0f 2008, some companies who have licences and deal these products in domestic and outside, just exported 20%-50% these commodities inn the first quarter 2009, and there’s no more purchase order for the next quaoter. Then, their views is it may be better in the end of this year, or if the global economic come to better later than it is expected, the market of these nonferrous metals’ prices and output may rise also later than expected by the end of 2009.

Why the CCG announced this new policy at this situation?

I think the reason may 1) CCG would like to let the world know, the cheap markets on the stagitic metals from China will never come in the future; 2) The CCG will control the export of nonferrous metals as W & RE, for there’s a large demand in the domestic, 3) CCG would like show it’s strict policy for the enviorment although all over the world have been in the the large financial crisis, 4) CCG has the weapons itself in the resource “war” in the new century, not the cannon, not the rokets and not the Chinese, but these metals which may controlled by CCG.

The new policy may let more and more Chinese companies who produce and export tungsten ore and/or tungsten intermediate products reduce less it’s production and offer more and more tungsten final products and then, these countries and companies who use the raw materials as tungsten intermediate products as ammonium paratungstate, metatungstate, tungsten acid, tungsten oxide and trioxide to buy tungsten final products and the machined tungsten carbide and alloy parts in the near future.

Then, the new policy just show us a policy was all these companies have to think about the processing and trade stagtic of using tungsten as raw materials.

Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

Japan Goes Prospecting for Tungsten & Rare Metals

Japan goes prospecting for rare metalsBy Hisane Masaki TOKYO - In addition to oil, natural gas and uranium, resource-poor Japan is now revving up its drive to secure rare metals, which are used in a wide range of high-technology products, including digital home appliances, high-grade steel, and hybrid and fuel-cell cars. Highly alarmed by soaring prices on robust global demand and amid increased export restrictions by some producing countries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) mapped out a
new comprehensive strategy recently for ensuring stable supplies of rare metals, especially tungsten, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum, indium, platinum and rare earth, in the medium and long terms. For Japan, a major importer of these rare metals, ensuring their stable supplies has emerged as an all-important policy task to maintain and strengthen the international competitiveness of its industries. The strategy calls for, among other things, beefing up state stockpiles of rare metals in terms of both volume and scope, promoting the recycling of scraps, developing alternative materials, extending official development assistance (ODA) for the development of new mines, and pumping public funds into efforts to help domestic private firms land mining interests abroad. The strategy also calls for strengthened relations with producing countries through such foreign-policy tools as free-trade agreements (FTAs). Meanwhile, private Japanese companies are aggressively looking for chances to step up their rare-metal exploration projects. Last week, for example, major trading house Sumitomo Corp announced that it has invested about 3 billion yen (US$24.4 million) to acquire an 8.7% stake in Augusta Resource Corp, a Canadian metals-exploration company. Augusta is carrying out a feasibility study at the Rosemont copper project about 50 kilometers southeast of Tucson, Arizona, which holds deposits of copper, silver and molybdenum - a rare metal used mainly as an additive to create specialty steel products. Sumitomo said in a statement that it aims to build up a long-term partnership with Augusta for the development of the Rosemont project. Global rush amid rising pricesGlobal competition is intensifying for non-ferrous metals, including copper and lead, as well as for such energy resources as oil, natural gas and uranium. Prices have risen sharply in recent years on increased global demand, led by red-hot consumption in China. The surge in prices in international markets has been fueled by the inflow of speculative funds. Japan has even seen a bizarre series of theft cases recently in which copper and electric wires, bronze fire bells, faucets, manhole covers and incense burners have been stolen from streets, rice fields and cemeteries across the country. It is widely suspected that high international metal prices and special procurement demand in China ahead of next year's Summer Olympic Games in Beijing are behind the thefts. Spikes in prices for non-ferrous metals are not limited to such base metals as copper, lead and aluminum. Prices for most rare metals, which are widely used as raw materials for high-tech products, have also jumped several-fold in recent years. Indium, for example, was sold at prices 8.5 times as high this March as in March 2002. Indium is used in such products as LCD (liquid crystal display) televisions. Prices for platinum, which is used as a catalyst in fuel cells and catalytic converters for automobiles, also increased 2.4-fold during the same five-year period. Prices for tungsten, which is used to make light-bulb filaments and increase the hardness and strength of steel, rose 4.7-fold during the same period. Among other rare metals, prices for nickel, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum and manganese also surged 7.1-fold, 4.4-fold, 6.2-fold, 6.0-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively. Changes in supply-demand structureLying behind the sharp surge in prices for non-ferrous metals, including rare metals, are changes in the supply-demand structure for them. New major consuming nations have emerged, most notably China and India, the world's two most populous countries, whose economies are growing at a breakneck pace. On the supply side, meanwhile, a small number of powerful resource majors, such as Anglo American, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton, now dominate the global markets for non-ferrous metals, wielding great influence over supplies and prices. In the 1990s, for example, seven resource majors accounted for only about 30% of global copper-ore production. But the percentage has increased to 50%. The world has also seen a rising tide of "resource nationalism" in many producing countries recently amid steep rises in prices for various resources, from oil, natural gas and uranium to non-ferrous metals. Despite being a major producer of non-ferrous metals, China has become a net importer of some metals, such as lead, zinc and nickel, as the country gobbles them up to feed its runaway economy. To meet sharply growing demand at home, China has taken export-restraint measures, such as lowered tax rebates, increased export taxes and stricter export quotas, for some rare metals, including tungsten and rare earth, since last year. China has also made aggressive forays into various parts of the world in pursuit of resource interests. China's particular focus on Africa has drawn global attention recently. China is increasingly reliant on the continent for raw materials. Africa supplies one-third of China's oil, with Angola, Sudan and Nigeria being major suppliers. China also gets bauxite from Guinea, copper from Zambia, uranium from Namibia and rare metals from Congo. Japan's heavy dependence on importsThe output of rare metals is small and production areas are disproportionately located. China produces about 90% of tungsten and rare earth. China is also the world’s largest producer of indium, accounting for more than 30% of global total. South Africa produces about 80% of platinum. Japan is a major consumer of rare metals. The world's second-biggest economy accounts for about 60% of global indium consumption. Japan's share of global consumption is high for other rare metals as well, at 20% for platinum, 14% for nickel and tungsten, 25% for cobalt, 17% for molybdenum, 11% for vanadium and 24% for rare earth. Japan imports almost all of the rare .

Japan goes prospecting for rare metalsBy Hisane Masaki metals it consumes. China supplies 90% of Japan's rare-earth imports, 79% of tungsten imports and 70% of indium imports. South Africa supplies 81% of Japan's platinum imports and 49% of vanadium imports. Japan purchases 44% of its nickel imports from Indonesia, 30% of cobalt imports from Finland and 45% of molybdenum imports from Chile. Raising state reserves of rare metalsIncreasingly concerned about global supply shortages, METI
compiled a comprehensive strategy this month for ensuring stable supplies of rare metals in the medium and long terms. It was the result of the first review of a government policy on rare metals in more than 20 years. The new strategy calls for, among other things, increased state reserves of some rare metals. There has been increasing pressure on the government from domestic industries to boost such stockpiles. In fiscal 1983, Japan began stockpiling seven types of rare metals - nickel, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, vanadium and chromium. As of the end of March this year, Japan had reserves of these rare metals equivalent to 34.8 days of domestic demand - 24.4-day stocks controlled by the state and 10.4-day reserves kept by the private sector - compared with the target of 60 days. The government-affiliated Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corp (JOGMEC) manages the state-controlled reserves at a warehouse in Takahagi, Ibaraki prefecture. Under the new strategy, the government will increase the state reserves of vanadium, tungsten, cobalt and molybdenum and will also consider expanding the scope of state stockpiles to include indium, platinum and rare earth. The strategy also calls for promoting the recycling of scraps and developing alternative materials. METI specifically plans to commission domestic non-ferrous-metal makers and universities this summer to develop alternative materials in hopes of putting them into practical use in five years' time. Resource diplomacy and public fundsThe new strategy urges the government to step up its diplomacy aimed at securing new supply sources and also dissuading producing nations from taking export-restrictive measures. Tokyo believes that export restrictions should be introduced only as an exception under the international trade rules set by the World Trade Organization. The strategy calls for increased Japanese support for mining development in foreign countries through the extension of ODA money. It also includes pumping public funds into efforts to help domestic private firms acquire mining interests abroad. The envisaged public funds will come from such government-affiliated organizations as JOGMEC, Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) and Nippon Export and Investment Insurance (NEXI). Even before the strategy was adopted, Japan had already begun to place a greater emphasis on securing non-ferrous metals, including rare metals, as well as crude oil, natural gas and uranium. In February, for example, Mongolian President Nambaryn Enkhbayar visited Tokyo and agreed with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to promote cooperation between the two countries on the development of mineral resources, including rare metals. To implement the agreement, the two countries are expected soon to launch a joint committee of government officials and private-sector people. Mongolia is rich in a variety of minerals, especially coal and copper, although these remain largely unexploited. During a tour of resource-rich Central Asia by the METI chief, Akira Amari, at the end of April, JOGMEC signed cooperation agreements with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan for the development of mineral resources, including rare metals. FTA as a foreign policy toolJapan has already placed priority on concluding FTAs with resource-rich countries, as well as neighboring Asian countries, as a way of beefing up relations with them and thereby ensuring stable supplies of oil, natural gas and other resources. On Monday, Japan signed an FTA with Brunei, an oil-and-gas-rich member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The signing was made during a meeting in Tokyo between Abe and Sultan of Brunei Hassanal Bolkiah. Brunei is the seventh country with which Japan has signed an FTA, after Singapore, Mexico, Malaysia, the Philippines, Chile and Thailand. The FTAs with Singapore, Mexico and Malaysia have already taken effect. Japan is also expected to ink an FTA with Indonesia in August. Japan is also negotiating FTAs with the 10-member ASEAN as a whole, the oil-rich Gulf Cooperation Council, Vietnam, South Korea, India, Australia and Switzerland. Japan is also eyeing South Africa as a potential FTA partner. The Japan-Brunei FTA, which is expected to take effect this year, will eliminate import tariffs on 99.9% of bilateral trade within 10 years. In addition to eliminating tariffs, the FTA is aimed at ensuring stable supplies of oil and natural gas to Japan from the Southeast Asian country. Japan imports almost all of its oil and gas. Japan exported 11.5 billion yen's worth of products to Brunei in 2005, with automobiles and auto parts accounting for 71% of the total. Meanwhile, Japan imported 252.5 billion yen's worth from Brunei, more than 99% of which were liquefied natural gas and crude oil. The Japan-Brunei FTA incorporates an energy clause, under which Brunei will notify Japan in advance of any emergency measures that would restrict exports of natural gas and crude oil. Brunei will also hold discussions on any such measures with Japan and respect existing export contracts. For Japan, getting such a clause concerning resource supplies included in FTAs is a top-priority goal in negotiating such trade deals with resource-rich countries. Hisane Masaki is a Tokyo-based journalist, commentator and scholar on international politics and economics. Masaki's e-mail address is yiu45535@nifty.com . (Copyright 2007 Asia Times Online Ltd. All rights reserved. Please contact us about sales, syndication and republishing.)


Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.http://www.chinatungsten.comcom

Applications of Tungsten Heavy Alloys(WHA)

Applications of Tungsten Heavy Alloys(WHA)

Tungsten heavy alloys(WNiFe, WNiCu) consist of 85-98% tungsten with balanced commonly nickel and iron or copper. The alloys are made by liquid-phase sintering to give a structure consisting of almost pure tungsten particles in a matrix of the alloy elements. Tungsten Heavy Alloys, with densities between 16.9 and 18.1 g/cm3, represent the heaviest materials generally available to the engineer. It has excellent radiation resistance, thermal and electric conductivities, corrosion resistance and machinable. We can offer tungsten alloys with tungsten contents ranging from 85 to 98% with a range of physical and mechanical properties as well as non-magnetic W-Ni-Cu.

Details Properties of WHA may find at www.tungsten-alloy.com

Applications:
■Tungsten heavy alloy cube for defence, military
■Tungsten heavy alloy radiation shielding, uranium protection
■Tungsten heavy alloy ballast pellets for hunting
■Tungsten heavy alloy balancing weights, counterweight
■Tungsten heavy alloy extrusion dies, die casting components
■Tungsten heavy alloy rivet reaction blocks
■Tungsten heavy alloy bricks for shield wall and yacht weight
■Tungsten heavy alloy bucking bar for light plane’s riveting
■Tungsten heavy alloy for mobile
■Tungsten heavy alloy for crankshaft
■Tungsten heavy alloy for airspace, aircraft & air fighter
■Tungsten heavy alloy cube for clock
■Tungsten heavy alloy petroleum industry, gas & oil well
■Tungsten heavy alloy part and screw for golf club
■Tungsten heavy alloy ball for counterweight
■Tungsten Paperweight in English
■Tungsten heavy alloy bricks
■Tungsten Heavy alloy billets
■Tungsten heavy alloy barrels
■Others as followings
1, Radiation shield, collimator, nuclear shielding, beamstop, PET syringe shield, vial shield, isotope container, FDG container, multi leaf collimator ;
2, Balanced part; tungsten sinker bar, heavy metal boring bar, tuyacht, sailboat, submarine and other vessels crank camshafts, holders for Well Logging, Racing Weights. vibration damping and dynamic balancing. Tungsten sinker bar, Tungsten bucking bar, Tungsten boring bar, Tungsten Sinkers, tungsten alloy counterweights for golf and tungsten alloy dart parts spheres, cubes, and projectile shapes;
3, High-temperature die, Electroheat , brass and copper, Tooling for low-pressure die-casting of aluminium and brass, Hot upsetting dies, Filler rods for die repair, upsetting anvil block, electrical rivet ;
4, Shrapnel head; Penetrators
5, Electrical contact;
6, Balanced ball for missile and plane; golf and tungsten alloy dart parts spheres, cubes, and projectile shapes ;
7, Core for armourpiercing bullet measurement.


Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

No Magic Bullet: Tungsten Alloy Munitions Pose Unforeseen Threat.

No Magic Bullet: Tungsten Alloy Munitions Pose Unforeseen Threat.

by Charles W. Schmidt
In response to concerns about the human and environmental health effects of materials used to produce munitions, countries including the United States have begun replacing some lead- and depleted uranium-based munitions with alternatives made of a tungsten alloy. But this solution may not be the "magic bullet" it was once envisioned to be. Researchers from the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research now report that weapons-grade tungsten alloy produces aggressive metastatic tumors when surgically implanted into the muscles of rats [EHP 113:729-734]. These findings raise new questions about the possible consequences of tungsten exposure, and undermine the view that tungsten alloy is a nontoxic alternative to depleted uranium and lead.
In the study, male F344 rats were implanted with pellets in each hind leg, an exposure protocol that mimicked shrapnel wounds received in the field. The rats were split into four treatment groups: a negative control implanted with 10 pellets of tantalum (an inert metal), a positive control implanted with 10 pellets of nickel (a known carcinogen), a high-dose group implanted with 10 pellets of tungsten alloy, and a low-dose group implanted with 4 pellets of tungsten alloy and 16 pellets of tantalum. The alloy used in this research was the same as that used in weapons: 91.1% tungsten, 6.0% nickel, and 2.9% cobalt.
Hanns CEO/Chinatungten।com

Numerical simulation of tungsten alloy in powder injection molding process

Numerical simulation of tungsten alloy in powder injection molding process
The flow behavior of feedstock for the tungsten alloy powder in the mold cavity was approximately described using Hele-Shaw flow model. The math model consisting of momentum equation, consecutive equation and thermo-conduction equation for describing the injection process was established. The equations are solved by the finite element/finite difference hybrid method that means dispersing the feedstock model with finite element method, resolving the model along the depth with finite difference methpd, and tracking the movable boundary with control volume method, then the pressure equation and energy equation can be resolved in turn. The numerical simulation of the injection process and the identification of the process parameters were realized by the Moldflow software. The results indicate that there is low temperature gradient in the cavity while the pressure and shear rate gradient are high at high flow rate. The selection of the flow rate is affected by the structure of the gate. The shear rate and the pressure near the gate can be decreased by properly widening the dimension of the gate. There is a good agreement between the process parameters obtained by the numerical simulation and the actual ones.
Hanns CEO/Chinatungten।com