TUNGSTEN IN USA, OCTOBER 2011

 

TUNGSTEN IN USA, OCTOBER 2011

    Total U.S. net production of intermediate tungsten products, including metal powder and tungsten carbide powder, was 4% lower during January through October 2011 than net production during the same period in 2010. Total U.S. reported consumption of ferrotungsten, tungsten metal powder, tungsten carbide powder, tungsten scrap, and other tungsten materials during January through October 2011 was 13% higher than consumption during the same period in 2010. These materials were used to make alloys, cemented carbides, mill products, and other products, such as catalysts and pigments.

    Data for U.S. imports and exports of tungsten for January through September 2011 and full year 2010 totals by material are published in this issue.

Prices

    Selected prices from Metal Bulletin for October 2011 are listed below. U.S. ammonium paratungstate prices in dollars per 

 

metric ton unit were converted from short-ton-unit prices and rounded to the nearest dollar. Prices for tungsten ore concentrates represent combined prices for wolframite and scheelite concentrates with a minimum tungsten trioxide (WO₃) content of 65%. Concentrate prices in dollars per short ton unit were converted from metric-ton-unit prices and rounded to the nearest dollar.

Ammonium paratungstate, U.S. free market:

    Low—$463/metric ton unit WO₃ ($420/short ton unit WO₃)

    High—$491/metric ton unit WO₃ ($445/short ton unit WO₃)

Concentrates:

    Low—$140/metric ton unit WO₃ ($127/short ton unit WO₃)

    High—$160/metric ton unit WO₃ ($145/short ton unit WO₃)

Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

Uses of Tungsten

As a most important refaractory metals, tungsten is found naturally on the earth. It is also called wolfram and has the chemical symbol of W. It was identified as a new element in 1781, and first isolated as a metal in 1783. It is sought after due to having the highest melting point of all non-alloyed substances on earth. Here are some of the most common uses of Tungsten in the world today!

Uses of Tungsten

• Approximately half of the tungsten mined is used to create tungsten carbine. This makes other materials harder.
• Tungsten Carbine is used to make wear-resistant abrasives, cutters and knives. Items such as drill bits, circular saws, metal work tools and woodwork tools.
• It is used in mining drills as it has a high melting point and is extremely hardy. Almost 60% of tungsten is used in this industry.
• It is used to make rings in the jewelry industry. This is due to its scratch resistant qualities.
• Tungsten is commonly used to make hard metal alloys such as high speed steel. Metals alloys with tungsten are often used to make turbine blades, rocket nozzles and metal coatings.
• It is also used in the creation of armor piercing bullets, cannon shells, grenades and missiles to create supersonic shrapnel.
• It has also been used to create Dense Inert Metal explosives.
• Tungsten sulfite is used in high temperature lubricants.
• Tungsten compounds are used to create ceramic glazes and in the tanning industry.
• It is also used in fluorescent lighting
• It is used in weights and counterbalances.
• Because of its weight it is used in some aircraft and yachts as ballasts. It is also used in NASCAR and Formula One cars as ballasts.
• High-density alloys of tungsten with nickel, copper or iron are used in high-quality darts
• It is sometimes used in fishing lures to create quicker sinking flies.
• Some types of strings for musical instruments are wound with tungsten wires.
• Due to its ability to remain solid at high temperatures tungsten is also used in light globes, vacuum tube filaments, heating elements. It is also suitable for aerospace and high-temperature uses such as electrical, heating, and welding applications, notably in the gas tungsten arc welding processing.
• Tungsten is often used in electrodes due to its high melting point and its efficiency as an electrical conductor.

   More uses of tungsten, may learn from www.chinatungsten.com,

Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

What's Tungsten?

 

What is Tungsten ?

Tungsten (pronounced /tʌŋstən/), also known as wolfram (/wlfrəm/), is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74. Tungsten is as known the heaviest materials except gold of the nature resources, for the density of tungsten is 19.25  g•cm−3(near r.t.). For the same reason, tungsten related products, alloys(Nickel-Copper-Ferro Binder), other elements doped(Al-doped, Th-doped, La-dope, Ce-dopd and K-doped) and carbides( carbonized tungsten powder with cobalt or Nickel binder) have the special ccharacteristics as pure tungsten, then it always named heavy stone.

Tungsten is a typiacl element of transition element Group VI and shows oxidation states from +6 to-2 and, particularly in its oxides, forms many non-stoicheiometric compounds. There is little aqueous chemistry except that of complex oxy-anions and some complex halides. The hexahalides are moleular but lower halides are polymeric and the lowest halides show extensive W-W bonding (more than Mo). Carbonyl and phos-phine derivatives are typical low oxidation state compounds. Complexes are formed, particularly by O-and S-ligands in higher oxidation states and by P-ligands in low oxidation states. Complex cyanides are well established.

Tungsten is one of Nonferrous Metals, and also it is as molybdenum and rare earth which are Refractory Metals, in the modern industrial time, it is the most important Strategic Metals for IT industrial and military industrial.

What is the problem with tungsten? Tungsten dissolves readily in water and is mobile under some field conditions, challenging initial assumptions with regard to tungsten’s fate and transport characteristics. Other concerns include data (occupational, animal studies, cancer clusters) indicating adverse non-cancer and cancer health effects and risk outcomes.

How is tungsten used? Tungsten alloys are good conductors of electricity, and used primarily to increase the toughness and strength of steel. The most common tungsten product, cemented tungsten carbide, is used to make grinding wheels and cutting or forming tools. Tungsten powder is used as a lead replacement in bullets. However, firing of a tungsten/nylon bullet introduces tungsten and other projectile related metals into the environment.

How does exposure to tungsten affect human health?
The toxicology of tungsten depends on the route of administration, the solubility of the constituent and the duration of exposure. Occupational exposure via the inhalation pathway has revealed elevated levels of pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of the lung tissue) and other effects including asthma and inflammation of the nose tissues.  Research also suggests that the combination of tungsten and other substances can be linked to the development of lung cancer.  Some animal data suggests that tungsten could cause adverse developmental and reproductive effects (including the kidneys as a target organ). Information from Nevada has drawn attention to tungsten’s potential toxicity as exhibited in the Fallon Nevada cancer cluster.

Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

Tungsten Heavy Alloy Stud for Horse

Tungsten Alloy Stud for Horse

Tungsten alloy for Sports game : TUNGSTEN STUD FOR YOUR HORSE

Provides your horse with extra grip during competitions on soft and slippery ground. Shoe thickness 8 or 10 mm. Square head 12 mm wrench, protrusion: 19 mm out of the shoe. Drill Ø 8.5 mm and use a metric screw tap M10x150. Weight 21 g.

For details, please visit the web at www.tungsten-alloy.com，or please do not hesitate to contact us at sales@chinatungsten.com.

We produce different sizes and different shapes of tungsten alloy pins, studs, nails used for shoes, horses, buses, trucks, autocycle, etc.
Strict and tight tolerance at +/-0.05mm.
Grade material made by our own tungsten powder factory, thus you'll get the most trusted quality with favorable prices of products.
If you have interest in this product, just feel free to contact our sales team sales@chinatungsten.com.

Dr.Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

Typical Applications of Heavy Tungsten Alloys (WHA)(3)

All applications of tungsten heavy alloys as list below:
High Density Tungsten Materials for Instrumentation balance weights
High Density Tungsten Materials for Isotope containers
High Density Tungsten Materials for High Temperature shielding
High Density Tungsten Materials for aerospace defense, ordnance and military
High Density Tungsten Materials for Medical Engineering (CT and diagnostic devices)
High Density Tungsten Materials for Radiation Shielding and or sources holders
Laser cut furnace elements/ Laser cut furnace heat shields application for Furnace Construction
Toll Extrusion /Toll Rotary Forging application for Extrusion and Forging
Tungsten alloy weights/powders application for Medical Engineering (CT and diagnostic devices)
Tungsten heavy alloy Balls/Spheres application for Defense
Tungsten Copper Composite Materials for Heat Exchangers
Tungsten heavy alloy Cubes for defense
Tungsten discs and squares
Tungsten fabricated parts
Tungsten Heavy Metal Balance Weights for Automotive crankshaft, braking system, balance
Tungsten heavy metal boring bars for tooling
Tungsten heavy metal parts for radiation protection and aero part
Tungsten High Density Composites
Tungsten mill products
Tungsten sputtering target materials for Sputtering Technology / PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)
High Density Tungsten Materials for Tungsten Syringe Shields
Vacuum furnace parts for Furnace Construction
Weights for golf clubs, darts, fishing for Sports goods (Golf clubs, /balls, fishing weights)
High Density Tungsten Materials for Stirrers Mo, Mo/W for Glass melting
High Density Tungsten Materials for Plated and stamped components
Parts for X-ray and electron tubes for Medical Engineering (CT and diagnostic devices)

Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

Typical Applications of Heavy Tungsten Alloys (WHA)(2)

While high density metals are relatively no corrosive, plating Is recommended if used in a corrosive atmosphere. Standard plating procedures for cadmium, nickel, and chromium are used. A copper flash Is sometimes used for better adherence. Plating is suggested if used with aluminum to prevent galvanic reaction,Oxidation starts at approximately 400C (752F), and in high humilities at approximately 66C (150F) showing a blue-black film. To minimize oxidation at high temperatures and high humidity, plating is recommended.MACHINING AND FINISHINGWHAs is similar to machining gray cast iron. A coolant is optional and carbide tools are recommended in most cases.TURNING & BORING — Roughing — use C-2 carbide with cutting depth of .030” to 125’ and .008” to .015 feed, at 200 to 300 SFM. Finishing — .010" to .015" cutting depth and 004" to .010" feed at 250 to 400 SFM.DRILLING— Use high speed steel surface treated drills with plain points. Increased clearance angles and automatic feeds are often used to avoid binding and seizing. Carbide drills will give better tool life. A chlorinated oil Is sometimes used as a coolant.TAPPING — Use high speed steel or carbide, two flute plug spiral point taps. Chlorinated oil or a tapping compound is recommended. GRINDING - Use aluminum oxide or silicon carbide wheels of medium hardness.MILLiNG - Use M-2 high speed steel for light cuts and M-42 high speed steel for deep cuts. Carbide cutter inserts will extend tool life. We recommend when using carbide, feeds .007” to .015” per tooth at speeds of 200 to 400 SFM for roughing, and when finished, feeds .003” to .010 per tooth at speeds of 300 to 700 SFM.High density tungsten alloys are not heat treatable; however, stress relieving is sometimes done on machined parts. We suggest heating at 600F in air for two hours and cool in air or in a protective atmosphere at 900F for 30 minutes.SAWING OR CUTTING — When sawing, use a bi-metai coarse blade at high speeds, or a high speed steel coarse blade at low speeds. Coolant can be used. Material also can be cut using high speed abrasive cutoff wheels.As a result of the materials’ characteristics and especially its low thermal expansion. very close tolerances and fine finishes can be held.JOININGCOPPER BRAZING Is a very good method of joining high density tungsten materials to itself or other materials. Joint strength Is close to that of parent material. One disadvantage is that it should be done in a controlled atmosphere, which is not too practical for most users.DIFFUSION BONDING is an ideal way of joining tungsten alloy material to itself, but It has to be done by the material manufacturer. If parts are finished, there may be some distortion from the process.SILVER SOLDERING for most companies is a practical and efficient method of joining these types of material either to themselves or to steel.SUGGESTIONS: Typically .002 clearance between parts to be joined is required, As the part gets larger, more clearance is required. Parts should be as clean as possible, sand blasting is sometimes used, both parts are fluxed, carefully heated until solder flows. Easy flow 45 is commonly used. A slow uniform cooling is recommended, Uneven cooling could set up stress in the joint and the material.SHRINK FITTING is another good method of joining high density tungsten material to steel. Depending on the size, .0005/.0007 interference fit per side is recommended. The tungsten alloy is chilled In dry ice or nitrogen while the steel is heated. When assembled, a slow cool is necessary, while parts are held by a locating pin or fixture.AVAILABILITY high density tungsten material is stocked in the following sizes:1/8" to 1" dia. in 8" & 12" lengths1 1/8" to 2" dia. in 12" lengths1/4" to 1" square in 8" & 12" lengths1 1/8" to 2" square in 12" lengthsRectangles, discs, and rings are also available.Larger sizes up to 6" dia. or 41/2" square x 30" long, and depending on cross section, longer lengths and sizes can be supplied.
All round bars up to 2" diameter are centerless ground, while all larger diameters are lathe finished.If material is not in stock, delivery is normally 10-14 days, or sooner for emergency requirements.Because we make our own tooling, special shapes and sizes can be made quickly and competitively— finished machined to your requirements or as a near net shaped blank.COPPER TUNGSTEN AND SILVER TUNGSTENRefractory metal composites produced by which are. used for:Resistance Welding Die Inserts and Electrode Facings EDM and ECM ElectrodesElectrical Contacts Semi-Conductor Heat Sinks and Thermal BasesWear Surfaces Requiring High Electrical and Thermal Conductivity

Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com

Typical Applications of Heavy Tungsten Alloys (WHA)(1)

Tungsten Heavy Alloys(WHAs), as High Density Metals are made possible by Powder Metallurgy techniques. The process is a mixture of tungsten powder with nickel, iron, and/or copper and molybdenum powder, compacted and liquid phase sintered, giving a homogeneous structure with no grain direction. The result is a very high density, machinable material with unique physical properties.TYPICAL APPLICATIONSWeights and Counterbalances for aircraft control surfaces and rotor blades, guidance platforms, balancing of flywheels and turbines, vibration damping governors, fuse masses, and weights for self-winding watches. Because of the physical properties of high density metal, it is often used as both a weight and structural member.
CRANKSHAFT BALANCING —Used extensively to balance crankshafts in high performance engines. Individual weights are stocked. See our weight chart for formulas and information to solve balancing problems.RADIATION SHIELDING — Tungsten alloys are used for radioactive source containers, gamma radiography, shields and source holders for oil well logging and industrial instrumentation; for collimators and shielding in cancer therapy machines and syringe protection for radioactive injections, There is no licensing required for tungsten alloy materials. It is stable at high temperatures and 1/3 less material than lead can be used for the same energy absorption effectiveness. high density tungsten alloys are used wherever radioactivity has to be controlled mid directed.ROTATING INERTIA MEMBERS — Material Is used for gyro rotors, fly wheels, and rotating members for governors. Because of its unique physical properties, this material can be rotated at extremely high speeds. ORDNANCE COMPONENTS — In spheres, cubes. and projectile shapes. these materials are used for hypervelocity armor penetrating applications. Properties such as elongation, ultimate tensile strength, arid hardness can be varied by manufacturing technique and additives.BORING BARS AND GRINDING QUILLS — The standard for vibration free machining and grinding has been established by Chatter Free and Super Chatter Free materials. It’s used where rigidity and minimum vibration are critical Heavier cuts, Ionger tool life, end a better finish result when using Chatter Free materials. Tool extensions of up to 9-1 are possible depending on the diameter. Tools run cooler because of the high thermal conductivity, and you can braze directly to material without affecting its physical properties.These materials are often used in place of tungsten carbide boring bars because it has a higher density, is readily machinable, less prone to chipping and breakage, and both material and finishing casts are less. See our technical brochure Chatter Free and Super Chatter Free materials.HIGH TEMPERATURE TOOLING — for die casting and extrusion dies, hot upsetting and electro brazing. has developed a special tungsten alloy for this type application called DIEMETAL. It’s a tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, iron based material, It has good thermal conductivity and maintains excellent physical properties at high working temperatures. It resists errosion and scaling, minimizes soldering and heat checking and basically eliminates the need for heat treatment. See our technical bulletin on DIEMETALDESIGN CONSIDERATIONS -Because High Density Metals are produced by powder metallurgy, parts often can be tooled and produced to net or near net shape, minimizing material and machining costs, Normally, medium to small sized parts can be pressed and sintered to a (plus or minus) 1%, both dimensionally, and by weight. As the part gets larger, this percentage increases, Finish for “as sintered” parts is normally 63 or better. When designing parts to be used "as sintered,” deep spines, re-entrant angles, and feather edges should be avoided.


Hanns CEO/Chinatungten.com